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~ The more I studied beekeeping, the less I knew, until, finally, I knew nothing. But, even though I knew nothing, I still had plenty to unlearn. Charles Martin Simon

Beekeeping365

Monthly Archives: April 2017

One Beekeeper, Two Wright Brothers

30 Sunday Apr 2017

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Name: Amos Ives Root

  • Birth: 9 DEC 1839 in Medina Township (Medina) State of Ohio
  • Death: 30 APR 1923 in Medina (Medina) State of Ohio
  • Burial: UNKNOWN Spring Grove Cemetery in Medina, Ohio

Bees on the Roof

Leave it to a beekeeper to make aviation history. An Ohio entrepreneur/beekeeper named Amos Root was, according to reports, the only person to actually witness the Wright brothers’ airplane flights in 1904 and 1905. And not just witness them, but write about them in a publication he founded called “Gleanings in Bee Culture.”

Root makes an appearance in David McCullough’s “The Wright Brothers” and also in an article on PBS’s Nova site. As the Nova site says, “almost as astonishing as the fact that a pair of bicycle shop owners invented the airplane” is that the first “accurate reporting on their earliest flights appeared” not in The New York Times or Scientific American, but in “an obscure journal for beekeepers.”

Root, a beekeeping hobbyist from his early twenties on, started a company in Medina, Ohio, that made beehives and beekeeping equipment. One of his best inventions was developing removable…

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Honey Yeast Rolls with Brown Sugar Cinnamon Butter

29 Saturday Apr 2017

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I’ve written elsewhere expressing my opinion of the public school system’s move away from home made yeast rolls and real butter. Seems the newer system of healthier meals has had the unintended consequences of kids throwing away most of their school lunches. My opinion is simple – feed the kids. No fees, no hassles, just eat real food. And, in my school days of long ago that comes down to yeast rolls and butter.

We had a big group over for Easter yesterday, so of course I cooked a lot. I’m still getting the hang of coming up with my own bread recipes, and I didn’t want to risk an experiment with a big crowd. So, I used this recipe for honey yeast rolls from Southern Living. These rolls […]

via Honey Yeast Rolls with Brown Sugar Cinnamon Butter — Sarah’s Bites

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I Was Tricked Into Becoming a Beekeeper

28 Friday Apr 2017

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The truth is – although I’ve always loved bees, I never really thought I’d become a beekeeper. Here’s how that changed pretty quickly.

via I Was Tricked Into Becoming a Beekeeper — Prime Bees – College Station Bee & Honey Farm

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World’s Sweetest Honey

27 Thursday Apr 2017

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The April 2017 issue of the world’s best bee magazine (American Bee Journal) published a piece written by your favourite bee-blogger (me). My article is called America’s Sweetest Honey. In it, I describe why honey from different flowers tastes different. Ultimately, I show that some honey is sweeter than other varieties. With that in mind, […]

via World’s Sweetest Honey — Bad Beekeeping Blog

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Great hives from little nucs grow

26 Wednesday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, beekeeping calendar, beekeeping seasons, calendar, management, seasons

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We have had a few weeks of spring lately, with the air full of pollen and the bees going crazy. Rain and cool weather returned this weekend, so I am not able to work outside. I am instead sitting inside and writing this early spring update. A year will come when I feel that my […]

via Great hives from little nucs grow — Bees with eeb

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Colony Swarms

23 Sunday Apr 2017

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“The Swarm” was a 1978 movie with an all-star cast about a swarm of killer bees out to destroy humanity. This classic B-movie is the epitome of most peoples understanding of honey bee behavior and swarming. I have heard countless tales of people scared silly over a swarm of bees, when actually a swarm is […]

via Colony Swarms —

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Spring-inspired Quinoa Salad

22 Saturday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey, recipe

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Spring is here! the beautiful flowers and trees blooming, the smells and aromas, the birds singing in the morning….And what I love the most about spring is the abundance of new market produce, when I think of this part of the year my mind goes straight to fresh peas, asparagus, broadbeans, small potatoes, strawberries, herbs, […]

via Spring-inspired Quinoa Salad — Amber Bewick

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Watering Your Bees

21 Friday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, management

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Bees need water! It’s not so much of an issue now in the spring, but in the heat of summer you don’t want them visiting your neighbors’ swimming pools and bird baths. Not everyone is fond of them!

It’s instinctual for us to want to provide clean, fresh water for our pets and livestock, but bees don’t like it that way. For whatever reason, they seem to prefer stagnant water full of debris that has been sitting around for as long as possible. Perhaps that makes it easier to smell?

We do know why they appreciate debris, it’s so they can get a drink without drowning. A perfect solution to your thirsty bee problem is a bowl full of pebbles, moss and leaves, woodchips, or a combination of the above. It’s a good idea to get it in place now so the bees can learn where it is by the time they really need it. If you leave it in a place where rainwater can replenish it, all the better.

Source: Watering Your Bees — Abernathy’s Rabbitry

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Mite-Resistant Russian Honey Bees Might Not Prevent Varroa Infestations

19 Wednesday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey bee biology, varroa, varroa mites

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By Meredith Swett Walker Imagine a parasite about the size of a grapefruit, and it’s latched onto your back where you just can’t reach it. Now imagine that parasite is sucking your blood and that its cronies are reproducing rapidly in your home and attacking your family. This horrifying scenario is essentially what the mite […]

via Mite-Resistant Russian Honey Bees Might Not Prevent Varroa Infestations — Entomology Today

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Honey Garlic Butter Salmon In Foil

15 Saturday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey, recipe

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Haughton Honey‏ @HaughtonHoney Mar 27 Honey Garlic Butter Salmon In Foil – ready in under 20 minutes and so simple to make! http://ow.ly/Tptl309D24A #honey #salmon

via Honey Garlic Butter Salmon In Foil — Foodaware

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A Neuroscientist’s Approach to Entomology

10 Monday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, education, honey bee biology

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By Constance Lin Varroa mites, pathogens, or climate change? What exactly causes the honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)? Honey bees (Apis mellifera) offer us critical pollination services. In the United Kingdom, for instance, data from the British Beekeepers Association estimates that approximately one-third of the nation’s food supply is dependent on pollination, and more […]

via A Neuroscientist’s Approach to Entomology — Entomology Today

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Upper Entrances Revisited

09 Sunday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, beekeeping equipment, equipment

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Here are a few more pictures with dimensions for building the upper entrances previously blogged here. Based on the George Imirie idea that an upper entrance would increase honey production, this is a slight improvement in design with a reduction of spacing between boxes to 3/8″. The bees take to them readily after a short period of discovery. Other benefits may include increased ventilation, less brood box congestion, less travel stain, and increased hive efficiency at removing nectar moisture. Enjoy!

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Pliny The Elder’s Fire Roasted Pork

08 Saturday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey, recipe

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Source: Pliny The Elder’s Fire Roasted Pork

Pliny The Elder’s Fire Roasted Pork

By Eric Johnson February 15, 2017 Recipe

Processed with VSCOcam with 4 preset

Pliny the Elder was a Roman admiral, a historian, a naturalist and a lover of good food. While visiting in India, he learned a secret of beekeeping; one he believed would elevate him to live in history. In 78 AD, the vineyards across the land produced grapes that were to make the best wine in all of Rome.

He combined wine, his secret honey and precious herbs from a field where a thousand Spartans were slain. By doing this, he created a marinade so powerful, so delicious that the mere scent of it wetted a hunger of Herculean proportions to anyone who passed by. Now, all Pliny needed was a heat great enough to sear the meat, heat as powerful as the marinade itself. Believing that no common cooking fire was capable he set sail for Rome. The forges of the greatest army in history would serve his needs.

As soon as his skiff was moored he sacrificed a swine to Vulcan on the docks, and submerged it into his marinade. Covered in blood, he went to the nearest bath house to pass the time for twenty-four hours and prepare for the glorious feast.

Touched by Bacchus, Pliny woke in a puddle of olive oil. His head pounded and his feet puckered. Kind hearted Attilius the gladiator helped him to the forges.

Fabricius, the sword maker, was happy to help when he was told of Pliny’s desire, he was hungry too. He cracked his whip, driving his slaves into action and the bellows bloomed. When the hairs of Pliny’s chin curled from heat, he deemed the fire ready and motioned the slaves to cook. A pleasurable aroma rose as the honey and wine caramelized, but something wasn’t right.

Fabricius, sensing Pliny’s worry, whipped the slaves to work the fires hotter, and hotter. Pliny nodded, becoming at ease, and soon the swine was ready. He sliced deep into the flesh separating the tender and sank his teeth in. The slaves feasted proclaiming it as the best they had ever eaten, but it was not to his satisfaction.

When word came of smoke from the great mountain was on the horizon. Vulcan had answered his prayers. Pliny knew what to do. Sailing south to Pompeii the fire was sure to be hot enough.

Historians think of Pliny the Elder as the organizer of the evacuation of Pompeii, but in truth, he didn’t want anyone to know of his latest culinary discovery until he had tested his theory of heat. All naturalists are in tune with nature, and Pliny knew the best hot spot was to roast his pork in the depths of Vesuvius. Lava was the missing element from his culinary perfection.

During the eruption and the lava was covering Pompeii, Pliny had a chance to use the best coals around.

Marinade
2 cups honey
1 onion
1 bottle red wine- half for the cook and half for the loin.
1 bunch of fresh oregano
Trim the pork loin and set the aside. Smash the fresh oregano with the flat of your knife and combine the onion, wine, and honey with the oregano. Mix it well. Marinade the pork overnight. Cook on a hot fire to sear and partially char.

R.E.C.I.P.E.S
Pliny the Elder died August 79 AD during the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius while perfecting his recipe. His secret lost forever until now.

5 lbs. tenderloin.

If you enjoyed this story and recipe check out my cookbook. Because there are no other cookbooks like it. amzn.to/2lc4liC

Source: Pliny The Elder’s Fire Roasted Pork

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Swarm Traps – baiting and staging

07 Friday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, management, swarms

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Hanging Traps All but 6 traps have been baited and staged, out of the way. You might be wondering, “why so early?” Bees won’t be swarming yet in Indiana. To that I’d say you are right, but there are TWO good reasons to get traps baited and staged a little early. Much of what you read…

via Swarm Traps – baiting and staging — LetMBee Blog

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Observing Honey Bee Behavior

06 Thursday Apr 2017

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I found, during my first year of beekeeping, that simply observing the bees was the most pleasurable of all my interactions with them. I did the inspections and observed them inside the hive as well, but simply spending time watching their behavior from a chair placed a short distance away allowed me to connect the inside with the outside. It’s not a replacement for hive inspections but adds yet another assessment method to your toolbox.

Source: At the Hive Entrance: Look, Listen, Learn

By Susan Chernak McElroy

Watching my bees enter their new hive. Oooh! There's the queen!

Most everything I need to know about my bees, I learn by sitting in front of my hives. Armed with an old stethoscope and a magnifying glass, I can be found on most summer afternoons sitting at the hive entry boards, spell-bound. In fact, I have chairs or stools stationed all around my bee yard. Sometimes, I bring a large jug of ice-tea and a book or magazine to read while the bees buzz in soft amber clouds around me.

I don’t consider this idle time, although it may look like it to the casual observer. I have read that if you are not getting into your hives at least every two weeks to do inspections, you are a poor beekeeper, or worse: a bee “haver.” However, my hours of observation time are my primary method of hive inspection, and I find the most of the information I need without the need for suiting up, lighting smokers, or disrupting the hard work of the hive.

My bee mentor, Jacqueline Freeman (www.spiritbee.com) calls this “Putting in your thousand hours—” not a thousand hours inside the hive, but observing the hive from the outside as you sit beside your bees patiently, over many months. In the beginning of my beekeeping seasons, I was a patient observer mostly because I was keeping three Warre’ hives. There were no viewing windows on the hives, and once a Warre’ begins building up, removing single combs is major surgical event for the bees, so I had to restrict my inspections to whatever I could see on the landing board. It was an education that has served me and my bees well. With viewing windows on my hives now, I feel like I am in bee observation heaven.

So, what can you learn from sitting at the hive?

Do I Have a Queen?

This is something everyone who catches a swarm of bees will be wondering over their first month or two with the bees. I’ve seen queens entering a new hive often this year since I switched over to walking the bees into the hive rather than dumping them in. As my eyes adjust to the movement of thousands of humming, fanning bees marching up a covered plank into their new home, I’ve been blessed to see the tell-tale long abdomen of royalty, hurrying up the ramp with her escorts clustered around—and sometimes on top of—her.

Which bee is not like the others? A queen and her court dash into a barrel hive.

If you are not lucky enough to see a queen on the ramp, looking for her inside the hive is a major disruption of the new colony, and can quickly convince them all to leave and find a home where foul-smelling giants with fat fingers do not go bumbling through the fragile new white combs. Bees do not welcome your inspections, which to them are invasions. Trust me on this. They will let you know with stings and head bumps when you have overextended your welcome. For some hives, just opening up the lid is overextending your welcome on some days.

So how can you know that you have a mated, working queen? With some practiced observation, you can see all you need to know at the hive entrance, or from your viewing window. This is what bees with healthy, mated queens do:

  • They bring in pollen as soon as they get a few wax combs built, usually within three to five days.
  • Wax building is strong and steady.
  • They move in a steady, purposeful way both from and to the hive.
  • There is busy activity on the landing board with bees guarding, cleaning, collecting nectar and pollen from returning bees, and carrying out hive detritus.
  • The sound of the hive is a smooth and steady hum. If you tap on the side, there will be a very short burst of louder humming that will immediately drop off to a normal hum state.
    Hive numbers will drop, then slowly begin to rise.
  • Anywhere from a month to two months, you will begin seeing lovely clouds of bees spiraling slowly in front of the hive as new foragers set their inner GPS tracking chips in preparation for heading out into the field.
  • From the viewing window, you will learn to identify the look of new, sealed brood comb

In contrast, this is what you may see and hear if your hive is queenless:

  • Little pollen coming into the hive.
  • Bees milling about aimlessly on the entry board.
  • If you rap briefly on the hive, the bees will answer with a droning tone that slowly tapers off.
  • Not many bees come and go, and those that do don’t move with purpose. Purpose is something you identify only by watching hives over time.

This year, I started six new colonies from swarms. All but one were blessed with strong, successful queens. One was not. I merged that hive with another queen-right hive. All of these decisions I made were based only on what I could see from the entry boards and the viewing windows.

What’s Going On In There?

Are your bees building up well, or just hanging on? Are they attracting robbers? Are they weak in some way? Are they getting ready to swarm? Most of these answers are literally right in front of your nose. A strong hive shows increasing numbers of bees coming and going. Sometimes the landing boards in mid-summer look like a subway platform at rush hour.

These bearding girls swarmed later in the week.

Do you notice your hive bearding, that is, hanging in a dense clump from the front of the hive like a…well…beard? Your hive may be telling you that they are evaporating a lot of nectar in the hive and all superfluous bees need to hang outside for the time being. Or they might be preparing to swarm, depending on the time of the year. Sometimes in very hot weather, the bees will chill out on the landing board in a big beard.

If I see lots of fanning bees on the entry board, along with the bearders, I know honey is being processed. If I see rushing bees knocking hard into the bees in the beard, or jumping on their shoulders and shaking them, I know a swarm is about to take flight and soon!

Honey fanners: Their tails are pointed down.

Do you wonder if your bees have mites? If they are bearding, just look at them through a magnifying glass. It is simple to see mites that way. Actually, you don’t  even need the magnifying glass. I can see mites on bees as they are coming or going from the hive. Sometimes, I’ll grab the mitey bee, pull the mite off, and let her go. It’s a small triumph, I agree, but it’s satisfying, nonetheless.

Do your bees “washboard,” moving forward and back in rows, using their feet to “wipe” the hive? No one knows what this really means, but I’ve also seen bees do this inside the hive from the viewing windows, and it is thought to be an indicator of a strong hive.

One of my hives attempting to eradicate mites by tossing out mite-weakened drones and drone pupae. I found hundreds of these on the floor by the hive over a period of a week last spring.

Do you have hygienic bees? This is all the rage right now: Bees who clean mites from themselves, each other, and remove mite-infested larvae. You may see your bees vigorously nibbling between the body creases of returning foragers, or see bees pulling out “purple eyed” pupae—immature bees that have white bodies and purple eyes—and tossing them off the landing board.

Do you see bees balling up and fighting on the landing board, or hear high-pitched, agitated buzzing with bees scurrying up the sides and face of your hive? This is a clear sign of robbing—stranger bees swooping in to steal honey from your bees.

Nasonov fanners: Tails pointed up/out, and tiny white gland evident at their tail end.

Do you see many nasonov fanning bees on the landing board—bees with their tails hiked high in the air exposing the small, whitefish nasonov gland at the end of their abdomen? If you have a hive with a virgin queen, the bees will often send out a cadre of nasonov fanners to guide their young queen home from her mating flights.

If you are at the hive at the right moment, you may even get to see the ancient, yearly ritual of bees expelling their drones for the season—a melancholy time for me. It means my bee year is coming to a close. And it is hard to watch those fuzzy, clumsy drones get pushed out of the hive by the hundreds.

One of my favorite sights on the landing boards of my hives is the honey-kiss—two bees exchanging nectar, proboscises extending, antennae touching gently and excitedly.

Three Warre' hives...and a short green stool.

So, do I ever go into my hives? Certainly, but not as often as you might think necessary. To be honest, I only enter my hives a few times a year. And I find that to be plenty. Each time you enter a hive, you run the risk of injuring the queen. You upset the temperature balance in the hive, a balance critical to the development of the young bees. In cracking open the hive, you also break the propolis seal—that sticky red/brown stuff that is the external immune system of the bees—and allow the entry of pathogens. I have read that it takes bees two to four days to put their hive back in order after an inspection. I don’t want to make my bees spend their short, precious summer days having to repair the damage I’ve done by poking around in their sacred space.

On my knees "conversating" with my bees.

Thankfully, I rarely need to. Am I a beekeeper or a bee haver? I like to identify as both. There is something to be said for meddling less in the complex daily life of the bees. Through patient observation, I am coming to trust the bees’ innate good sense and ancient wisdom more as the years go by. I learn a lot from good beekeepers, but I learn most sitting at the feet of my good bees.

Source: At the Hive Entrance: Look, Listen, Learn

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Swarm Trapping on the Survival Podcast

03 Monday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey bee behavior, swarms

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Source: Swarm Trapping on the Survival Podcast – air date 9/31/2013 — LetMBee Blog

by Jason

Swarm Season is approaching in the Northern Hemisphere, I can see that interest in the subject is growing from my Stats.  In the coming weeks I will be talking about some podcasts I have been on about Bees.  They will be posted in chronological order.  If you have some time and want to hear about trapping and treatment-free beekeeping give them a listen.

The Survival Podcast Episode – 1217 – On Capturing Wild Swarms
Air Date 9/31/2013

Episode-1217- Jason Bruns on Capturing Wild Swarms

 

In this podcast from 2013 I had been trapping for only a couple years.  I can hear the lack of confidence in some of my responses, but others surprised me with how inspired I had already become with trapping and observing the resulting colonies grow and become productive.  Several times, Jack questioned as to why I was doing different things.  This was was particularly true when asking about placing traps near known bee trees.  The reason I was doing it was because I didn’t know what would happen.  The experiments I was working on at that time led me to the methods I am currently using.

Some of the practices I was using then have changed.  Other more productive practices have been picked up through observation.  Of specific note in this podcast:  I currently recommend you literally place swarm traps, anywhere you can.  You never know what’s going to happen.  I have been capturing hardy stock at established yards repeatedly now for a couple years.  At the time of this recording I had never observed this behavior.  If you have a hive-stand and it’s not full of active colonies there should be a baited hive body setting there.  If you find productive lines of bees that overwinter well and swarm back to the hive stand it is a great way to increase your number of colonies.

Jack tripped me up a little while discussing trapping in locations with Africanized honeybees.  I still have no direct experience with AHB, but feel confident that honeybees can be safely captured where both are living.  After trap occupation they should be evaluated for aggression.  A larger trap volume is theorized to be preferred by European Honeybees.  If you live in a location known to have AHB use traps of at least 31 LITERS and make sure they are bee tight.  Standard Langstroth deeps are slightly larger than 40 liters and are a great resource as a starting material for swarm traps.

I have communicated with hundreds of people trapping bees in AHB areas over the years since this was recorded.  I have received no reports of individuals catching bees in traps that were too aggressive to work.  The bees are reported as “hotter” than those typically purchased as packages, but they DON’T DIE.  Bees living a feral existence are not bred for docility.  I will take bees that require a veil, gloves and smoke to dead bees, so I feel I can tolerate “some” expression of guard behavior.

If captured bees display an unacceptable level of aggression a couple avenues are available.  Perhaps another beekeeper in your area would be willing to take them.  If they have secluded bee yards perhaps they could be left alone to be productive.  If they are too aggressive for you or give away they should be SELECTED AGAINST and destroyed.  Luckily I’ve never felt the need to do this.  I would recommend it be done in the trap using a method that did not use chemicals.  When evaluating CATCHES, observe the level of aggression.  If they do not meet your criteria they can at least be shut into the trap and disposed of.  Then get to catching more bees.

Jack’s show, The Survival Podcast is a daily mix of practical knowledge about steps that can be taken to create a stable fulfilling life in today’s world.  Many of these seemingly different topics have aided at different times in my beekeepin experience.  Jack introduced me to the design science of Permaculture, which led me to Swarm Trapping.  Visualizing a dead colony of bees as a resource instead of as a direct loss, and turning a “waste product” into more bees came from reading about Permaculture.  I highly recommend the show and think listening to it will make you a better beekeeper.  If you listen you will find that it will help your life in general.

Being self sufficient is at the heart of beekeeping, both for bees and beekeepers.  Sourcing through trapping allows for you to obtain local bees by building a simple device.  Many swarms can be captured in a single trap over many years with minimal maintenance.  Breaking the bond between a colony of bees and a PRICE-TAG makes beekeeping much more fun and easy to justify as a use of your time.  Trapping makes you more resilient.  You can take the PUNCH of losing colonies and not be OUT of beekeeping.  Take the opportunity listen to 1217 and other episodes of the The Survival Podcast.

Here is a link to the original posting about this episode from 9/30/2013.

Are you getting exciting as Spring approaches?
Are you ready?!?

via Swarm Trapping on the Survival Podcast – air date 9/31/2013 — LetMBee Blog

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Honey yogurt and dip

01 Saturday Apr 2017

Posted by sassafrasbeefarm in beekeeping, honey, recipe

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beekeeping, honey, recipe

via Honey yogurt and dip — The Honey Cottage by Bee Queen

img_8926

If I told you some people did not grow up eating honey, would that surprise you? It sure shocked me, but not everyone grows up eating the same things. So it has been lots of fun talking with customers on how to use honey. It has been even more fun showing people how they can add honey to their diet so that they can fight allergies at the same time. I am excited to say that adding honey to the diet is super easy and super yummy. One of my favorite ways to use honey is in my yogurt; I can’t stand the yogurt loaded in sugar, it is way too much and ruins the flavor. With plain yogurt I am able to add different honeys to make a totally new yogurt every time. Then you have the many fruit combinations that can take yogurt to a whole new level. The best part is this is a recipe that adults and kids love!!

Homemade honey yogurt:

6- 8 ounces of plain yogurt

1 Tablespoon of your favorite honey

1/3 cup of your favorite fruit

*If you use frozen fruit, set out a couple of hours before use. Place 8 ounces of plain yogurt in a bowl and add the 1 Tablespoon of honey; mix well and add the ¼ cup of fruit. The fruit can be mixed in or just used as a topping. Enjoy!

Homemade honey yogurt dip:

6 ounces of plain yogurt

1 Tablespoon of honey

¼ – ½ cup of 5 different fruits; banana’s, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, etc.

Place the 6 ounces of yogurt and the 1 Tablespoon of honey and mix together thoroughly. Place bowl in the center of a plate and place cut and/ or washed fruit around the bowl. Dip the fruit into the yogurt dip and Enjoy!!

Tips: Use the yogurt or dip within 2-3 days for maximum freshness. Sliced bananas and apples should lightly be squirted with lemon or orange juice to keep them from browning; they should be used right away when possible.

From our bee hive to yours,

Queen Bee

via Honey yogurt and dip — The Honey Cottage

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